Percepções e experiências dos homens sobre o planejamento familiar no sul de Moçambique / Perceptions and experiences of men on family planning in southern Mozambique

Resumo O estudo explora as percepções e experiências dos homens sobre o planejamento familiar (PF) em dois contextos do sul de Moçambique: na localidade de Macarretane (província de Gaza) e no bairro da Mafalala (cidade capital, de Maputo). Combinando métodos qualitativos, exploram-se os conhecimentos e práticas dos homens sobre o PF, bem como percebem seu papel (e envolvimento) na saúde sexual reprodutiva e as formas de diálogo e negociação com suas parceiras sobre o PF. O PF foi definido apenas como barreira às gravidezes indesejadas. Os conhecimentos dos homens sobre o PF do ponto de vista biomédico são fracos. Existe a percepção de que os contraceptivos modernos criam efeitos secundários no corpo da mulher, colocando em risco sua capacidade reprodutiva e o prazer sexual. A capacidade ou incapacidade de negociar o uso do PF pelas mulheres é influenciada pelas normas de gênero e pelas masculinidades vigentes. Os homens consideram que o seu papel no PF é de consentir que as parceiras façam planejamento. O diálogo e a articulação em torno do uso dos serviços de PF também são influenciados pelas normas de gênero e padrões de masculinidade.

Abstract The study explores the perceptions and experiences of men about family planning (FP) in two contexts of southern Mozambique: in the locality of Macarretane (Gaza province) and in the Mafalala neighborhood (capital city of Maputo). Combining qualitative methods, men's knowledge and practices about FP are explored, as well as perceiving their role (and involvement) in reproductive sexual health and the forms of dialogue and negotiation with their partners about FP. PF was only defined as a barrier to unwanted pregnancies. Men's knowledge about FP from a biomedical point of view is weak. There is a perception that modern contraceptives create side effects on a woman's body, putting her reproductive capacity and sexual pleasure at risk. The capacity or inability to negotiate the use of FP by women is influenced by gender norms and masculinities in force. Men feel that their role in FP is to allow their partners to plan. Dialogue and articulation around the use of FP services are also influenced by gender norms and patterns of masculinity.

Perceptions of Men on Puxa-Puxa, or Labia Minora Elongation, in Tete, Mozambique.

Labia minora elongation has been documented as being practiced by 98.6% of the women in Tete province, Mozambique. Women engage in this procedure before the first menstruation. In this article we report on the findings from the male respondents from Tete province that participated in the qualitative component of the World Health Organization-supported multicountry Gender, Sexuality, and Vaginal Practices study. The men reported that the main motivation behind labia minora elongation is to enhance the sexual pleasure for both female and male partners. Researching what men know and perceive of labia minora elongation is crucial to understanding the contribution of this practice for sexual health. This knowledge is helpful to inform the development of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention technologies and culturally appropriate information, education, and communication interventions.

Cuidados consigo mesma, sexualidade e erotismo na Província de Tete, Moçambique / Care with herself, sexuality and eroticism in Tete Province, Mozambique

Este artigo analisa as noções de estética e erotismo, e como estas moldam a maneira de as mulheres na província de Tete, em Moçambique, prepararem seu corpo. Grupos focais e entrevistas individuais permitiram constatar que as mulheres utilizam diferentes produtos naturais e sintéticos, tradicionais e modernos, por inserção na vagina ou por ingestão, para modificar a maneira de sentir seu corpo e se preparar para o ato sexual. Em adição, a maioria das mulheres alonga os lábia minora (pequenos lábios vaginais) desde a infância, modificando seu corpo de acordo com critérios estéticos, noções de feminilidade e de prazer sexual. Essas intervenções se inserem num processo de socialização cuja educação integra componentes de estética, sexualidade, reprodução e sobre a vida em geral. O artigo procura mostrar a importância das metáforas e das noções de fechado/aberto, seco/úmido, quente/frio, pesado/leve, vida/morte, riqueza/pobreza, doce/não-doce como simbolismo de gênero ligado ao erotismo, a reprodução e a concepções estéticas.

This paper analyzes notions of aesthetics and eroticism and the ways these mould how women in Tete Province, in Mozambique prepare their body. Focus group and individual interviews allowed to assess that women use different products both natural and synthetic by insertion in their vagina or by ingestion to modify the way they feel their body and prepare themselves for the sexual act. In addition, the majority of women elongate their labia minora (small vaginal lips) since their childhood, modifying their body accordingly to aesthetic criteria, notions of femininity and sexual pleasure. These interventions are part of a process of socialisation integrating components on aesthetic, sexuality, reproduction and life in general. This paper aims at showing the importance of metaphors and of the notions of closing up/open, dryness/ wetness, hot/cold, heavy/light, life/death, wealth/poverty, sweet/ non-sweet as gendered symbols related to eroticism and aesthetic.

Vaginal practices: eroticism and implications for women's health and condom use in Mozambique.

This paper analyses two female sexual practices in Tete Province, Mozambique: (1) the practice of elongating the labia minora and (2) what is sometimes called 'dry sex' involving the insertion of natural and/or synthetic products into the vagina or the ingestion of these products orally. These practices are fundamental to the construction of female identity, eroticism and the experience of pleasure. Notions such as 'closed/open', 'dry/damp', 'hot/cold', 'heavy/light', 'life/death', 'wealth/poverty' and 'sweet/not sweet' are central to local understandings of sexual practices and reproduction. These notions may affect the women's sexual health because they influence preferences for sex without a condom. These practices may also be associated with the alteration of the vaginal flora and vaginal lesions that may make women more vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections.